The Basic Economic Problem Is Scarcity - 1472 Words

Topic2: Question No.1 The basic economic problem is scarcity. It occurs when people want infinite but resources are limited. Scarcity is due to limited resources because people want more and more. Resources are shortage and have alternative uses. There are three causes of construction such as land, labour and capital. Scarcity is the excess of human wants over what can basically be produced . The central economic problem effects on command economy. Command economy is a economy in which Government controls the economic deeds and give the judgment what to produce, how to produce and manage the distribution levels and setting prices. Such economies happen in China, North Korea, Cuba and the former Soviet Union. Conventionally, command†¦show more content†¦The production possibility frontier describes that there are limited resources to production, so it is necessary to plan what combination of goods and services can be produced to get effectivene. The production possibility frontier is helpful in c ommand economy, in taking important decisions on assigning the resources of economy to different sectors of development, and on several types of goods. It differentiates between what is possible and what is needed. Question No.2 The law of demand states that buyer will buy less of a good at higher prices and more of a good at lower prices. The law of supply states that producers will sell fewer goods at lower prices and more goods at higher prices. In state of equilibrium the amount of goods the consumer is willing to buy is equal to the quantity that producers are planning to sell. (a) Severe water shortage in the state of Arizona is because there is less supply of the Scottish water bottle. A decrease in supply is represented on a graph as a leftward shift (S2), then there would be shortage of a-b at the old price Equilibrium1, this causes price to rise to the new Equilibrium2. Quantity would fall from Equilibrium1 to Equilibrium2. There would be a movement through the demand curve from point a to c through the new supply curve (S2) from point b to c. This is explained in the following figure: (b) New technology which is subsidized by the UK

Social Jugdement In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Free Essays

Throughout the story you find that a man named Frankenstein has the desire to create another human being. After his creation was over with he says, â€Å"I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart†(Shelley 1).   He abandons this creature when it needs him the most. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Jugdement In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Frankenstein’s original reasons for creating life from dead parts are noble. He wants to help mankind conquer death and diseases. But when he reaches the goal of his efforts and sees his creature and its ugliness, he turns away from it and flees the monstrosity he has created. Mary Shelley seems not to condemn the act of creation but rather Frankenstein’s lack of willingness to accept the responsibility for his deeds. His creation only becomes a monster at the moment his creator deserts it† (Shelley 3) To the creature Frankenstein is his father and when he left him, he felt neglected and abandoned, not knowing how to take care of himself. So he left not knowing where he would go or how he would survive. He abandoned his creature as if it were an animal. â€Å"Every day, a significant number of people abandon animals in the world today. They are animals who are not equipped to survive on their own. On their own, they starve or freeze to death† (Shelley 2). â€Å"Frankenstein is not willing to fully take the role of the mother of his â€Å"child.† Immediately after its birth he leaves his child and thereby evades his parental duty to care for the child† (Shelley 3).   In today’s society people neglect and abandon there children like there nothing. When Frankenstein abandoned his creature he didn’t even think how the creature felt, he just deserted him. â€Å"The Monster appears to be an almost perfect creation (apart from his horrible appearance), who is often more human than humans themselves. He is benevolent (he saves a little child; he helps the De Lacey family collecting firewood), intelligent and cultured (he learns to read and talk in a very short time; he reads Goethe’s Werther, Milton’s Paradise Lost and Plutarch’s works). The only reason why he fails is his repulsive appearance. After having been rejected and attacked again and again by the people he runs into only because of his horrible physiognomy, the Monster, alone and left on his own, develops a deadly hatred against his creator Frankenstein and against all of mankind. Therefore only society is to blame for the dangerous threat to mankind that the Monster has become. If people had adopted the Monster into their society instead of being biased against him and mistreating him he would have become a valuable member of the human society due to his outstanding physical and intellectual powers†( Shelley 3). His hatred grew from neglect and abandonment. Every person he came in contacted with immediately hated him. Nobody could look past his horrified appearance to see what was inside. His hatred then turned into revenge against his creator. The creature wanted Frankenstein to feel what he feels. The concept of Social Judgement in the Novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is a complex novel that was written during the age of Romanticism. It contains many typical themes of a common Romantic novel, such as dark laboratories, the moon and a monster; however, Frankenstein is anything but a common novel. Many lessons are embedded into this novel, including how society acts towards anything different. The monster fell victim to the system commonly used by society to characterize a person by only his or her outer appearance. Whether people like it or not, society always summarizes a person’s characteristics by his or her physical appearance. Society has set an unbreakable code that individuals must follow to be accepted. Those who don’t follow the â€Å"standard† are hated by the crowd and banned for the reason of being different. When the monster ventured into a town†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [Monster] had hardly placed [his] foot within the door †¦children shrieked, and †¦women fainted† (Shelley 101). From that moment on he realized that people did not like his appearance and hated him because of it. If the villagers hadn’t run away at the sight of him, then they might have even enjoyed his personality. The monster tried to accomplish this when he encountered the De Lacey family. The monster hoped to gain friendship from the old man and eventually his children. He knew that it could have been possible because the old man was blind; he could not see the monster’s repulsive characteristics. But fate was against him and the â€Å"wretched† had barely conversed with the old man before his children returned from their journey and saw a monstrous creature at the foot of their father attempting to do harm to the helpless elder. â€Å"Felix darted forward, and with supernatural force tore [the creature] from his father†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 129). Felix’s action caused great inner pain to the monster. He knew that his dream of living with them â€Å"happily ever after† would not happen. After that bitter moment, the monster believed that â€Å"†¦the human senses are insurmountable barriers to our union [with the monster]† (Shelley 138).   And with the De Lacey encounter still fresh in his mind along with his first encounter of humans, he declared war on the human race. The wicked being’s source of hatred toward humans originates from his first experiences with humans. In a way, the monster started out with a child-like innocence that was eventually shattered by being constantly rejected by society time after time. His first encounter with humans was when he opened his yellow eyes for the first time and witnessed Victor Frankenstein, his creator, â€Å"†¦rush out of the [laboratory]†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 56). This wouldn’t have happened if society did not consider physical appearance to be important. If physical appearance were not important, then the creature would have had a chance of being accepted into the community with love and care. However, society does believe that physical appearance is important and it does influence the way people act towards each other. Frankenstein should have made him less offensive if even he, the creator, could not stand his disgusting appearance. There was a moment, however, when Frankenstein â€Å"†¦was moved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 139).   By the creature. He â€Å"†¦felt what the duties of a creator†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 97), where and decided that he had to make another creature, a companion for the original. But haunting images of his creation, from the monster’s first moment of life, gave him an instinctive feeling that the monster would do menacing acts with his companion, wreaking twice the havoc. Reoccurring images of painful events originating from a first encounter can fill a person with hate and destruction. We, as a society, are the ones responsible for the transformation of the once child-like creature into the monster we all know. We all must come to the realization that our society has flaws that must be removed so that our primal instincts do not continue to isolate and hurt people who are different. We have entered a new millennium with tremendous technological resources at our disposal. Why do we still cling to such primitive ways of categorizing people? Rà ©sumà © Mary Shelley made an anonymous but powerful debut into the world of literature when Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus was published in March, 1818. She was only nineteen when she began writing her story. She and her husband, poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, were visiting poet Lord Byron at Lake Geneva in Switzerland when Byron challenged each of his guests to write a ghost story. Settled around Byron’s fireplace in June 1816, the intimate group of intellectuals had their imaginations and the stormy weather as the stimulus and inspiration for ghoulish visions. A few nights later, Mary Shelley imagined the â€Å"hideous phantasm of man† who became the confused yet deeply sensitive creature in Frankenstein. She once said, â€Å"My dreams were at once more fantastic and agreeable than my writings.† While many stage, television, and film adaptations of Frankenstein have simplified the complexity of the intellectual and emotional responses of Victor Frankenstein and his creature to their world, the novel still endures. Its lasting power can be seen in the range of reactions explored by various literary critics and over ninety dramatizations. Although early critics greeted the novel with a combination of praise and disdain, readers were fascinated with and a bit horrified by the macabre aspects of the novel. Interestingly, the macabre has transformed into the possible as the world approaches the twenty-first century: the ethical implications of genetic engineering, and, more recently, the cloning of livestock, find echoes in Shelley’s work. In addition to scientific interest, literary commentators have noted the influence of both Percy Shelley and William Godwin (Mary’s father) in the novel. Many contemporary critics have focused their attention on the novel’s biographical elements, tracing Shelley’s maternal and authorial insecurities to her very unique creation myth. Ultimately, the novel resonates with philosophical and moral ramifications: themes of nurture versus nature, good versus evil, and ambition versus social responsibility dominate readers’ attention and provoke thoughtful consideration of the most sensitive issues of our time. Sources Cited http://www.indigorescue.org/Abandonment.html http://members.aon.at/frankenstein/frankenstein-novel.htm Shelley, M.   Frankenstein. 1818. How to cite Social Jugdement In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Essay examples

China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the Business environmental analysis of Cambodia for the business expansion. This is the global business report on the company Novotel that is entering in the international market of Cambodia. Novotel is an upscale hotel brand under the AccorHotels group. In current time, Novotel has around 400 hotels and resorts operating in 60 countries. Novotel has started its first hotel in France and now it is operating in all over the world. Now, hotel is going to expand its business in Cambodia. But before entering in the new country, it is important for the company to understand the business environment of the country which can significantly affect the business operations (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). This report analyzes the environmental factors including the formal and informal institutions of the country. Business Environmental Analysis Formal Institutions Politics Political system initially plays a crucial role and has a big impact on the business. There are various factors of Cambodias political factors that impact on the hotel business like government regulations, regional integration and the level of taxation. Cambodia is one of the developing countries which has constitutional realm with democracy of multi parties and elective authorities. Cambodia has the rank of most major global administrations like ASEAN, IMF, WTO, UN and The World Bank (The Heritage Foundation, 2017). Further, country has stable political environment which is beneficial for the new business in the country. It must be noted that there is high political risk in the country. The infrastructure of Cambodia is poor and there is the need of additional investments. The access of electricity is limited there and this is the challenge for majority of population. Laws Legal system and rules of games In Cambodia, there is the commercial register law which defines the process and requirements associated with the registration or formation of commercial company. As the part of obligation to market liberalization, Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia has allowed foreign companies to engage freely in the business actions. Overseas companies only need to enroll themselves with the Ministry of Commerce and pay important taxes. Next, there is business enterprises law which provides for the development of four types of legal person i.e. limited partnership, common business, private limited company and public limited company. This law provides independent legal personality for the company and legal liability for the shareholders. Along with this, it defines the rights and accountabilities of the participants of the company. Next, there is commercial arbitration law in the Cambodian legal system in order to solve commercial disputes in the legal and judicial environment. Despite of effective laws and legislations, there are issues in the workers rights. Despite of well-developed labor legislature, there is juridical corruption and weak monitoring institutions which led to abuses of the rights of workers. Due to lack of unions, it is difficult for people to take foe their rights in workplaces. Economics Economic development More than two decades of strong financial development, Cambodia has achieved the level of lower middle-income as of 2016 along with the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita reaching $1,070. Due to Garments exports and Tourism, there is a regular development rate of 7.6% in the country which has ranked sixth in the world. In Cambodia, it is expected that economic growth of the country will remain strong over the next two years i.e. 6.8% in 2018 and 6.9% in 2019. Poverty is continuously falling in Cambodia as in 2014; the poverty rate was 13.5% as contrast to 47.8% in 2007. Around 90% of deprived people live in the country. Along with this, Cambodia has got the Millennium Development Goals by helping poverty. Around 4.5 million people stay near-poor, susceptible to declining back into poverty (The World Bank Group, 2017). Health and education is important development priorities for Cambodia. There are 32% or around 0.5 million children under five who are underdeveloped. In the primary education, net enrollment increased from 82% in 1997 from 97% in 2017. Further, lower secondary completion rate is 43%. Economic system The economic system of Cambodia is an open market system or market economy and has achieved quick fiscal development during last decade. In 2015, Cambodia has GDP of $18.05 billion. Further, per capita income is rapidly increasing but it is low as compared with most neighboring countries. Currently the focus of the country is on establishing friendly borders with neighbor countries i.e. Vietnam and Thailand. In the open market of the country, trade is very important for the economy of Cambodia (Kotler et al, 2012). The average applied tariff rate is 4.9% in the country. New foreign investment in the country may be monitored by the government of Cambodia. Privatization in the country has increased the efficiency of banking sector. Credit to private sector in the country has increased. It should be noted that there is the high level of economic risk in Cambodia. The rapidly growing economy of the country is dominated by tourism, construction and agriculture. Along with this, The World Bank has classified Cambodia as the country of low-middle income country (Oneill, 2014). Informal Institutions Culture In Cambodia, people have traditions and customs in order to achieve extensive and stable relations in the business. Cambodians believes in having appropriate performance which is very vital. The country has long history of civilization and culture which is affected by Indian country. Cambodians have two religious views i.e. Hinduism and Buddhism. 95% of Buddhist relies on personal experiences, reasonableness and critical analysis. The cultural analysis of Cambodia can be done by Hofstede Cultural Dimension. High Power distance There is the significant gap in the Cambodian society between superior power and weak. This is associated with the differentiation between rich and poor. High level of uncertainty avoidance The civilization of Cambodia is likely to diminish the hazard and make sure the monetary securities. There are various written rules, less risk taking by executives, less ambitious employees and lower labor turnover (Hofstede, 2011). Collectivism People in Cambodia are concerned for long term associations. They give more concern to family, groups and society. Further, they care for each other to show faithfulness and less individuality. High feminist or low masculinity index People care for each other and excellence of the life for both men and women. In the organizations, managers give more acknowledgment to the employees if they do their job with high responsibility. Along with this, they allow them more freedom (Alkailani, Azzam and Athamneh, 2012). Ethics Imperialism- There is both positive as well negative aspects of imperialism ethics of Cambodia. In the positive aspect, Cambodia is continuously flourishing with the textile industry due to its norms and ethics. There are many Cambodians who still live with agriculture business. Further, there is also good deal of tourism which enhances the economy of country. Along with this, there are strong social connections in the Cambodian society (Tang, 2012). On the other hand, the economy of the country is easy to lose as the big part of this is tourism. Cambodians are relying on the farming occupation for the food and business but there is the risk of whether conditions. By knowing the background information, country has made some enemies that can wreak and impact on the trades of the country (Webley Werner, 2008). Norms In the Cambodian culture, there are some norms followed by people in Cambodia. Some of them are as follows: Language- Khmer is the official language of Cambodia. This language is used in the social context i.e. education at all the levels, government administrations and in mass media. This language is spoken by 7 million people which are 90% of total population. Concepts- There are conceptual ideas related to collectivism which plays vital roles in the everyday life of Cambodians. For karma, the thought includes with the law of action and rationally. For the collectivism, people in Cambodia give preferences to family, society and groups rather than individual. The idea focuses about saving face which tries to keep away from losing face of anyone in the transactions. So, if any company wants to do business with Cambodia, then it should be conscious of the actions (Vidal-Suarez Lopez-Duarte, 2013). Greetings- When Cambodian welcome, they bend over their head for showing admiration with pressing the hands mutually. This motion is known as Som Pas. Further, when Cambodians meet with foreign persons then they basically acclimatize the greetings of foreign styles by shaking hands. Instead of taking the name of Cambodians, they use Lok in place of Mr. of the men and Lok Srey in place of Ms. or Mrs. For women before the first name (Tilley, Fredricks Hornett, 2012). Dress code- There is proper dress code which is important for Cambodian. Dress code represents their position in the society. In order to do businesses in the country, people also focus on appropriate dress code. In the business process in Cambodia, men wear shirt with collar with long pants. On the other hand, women wear dresses or blouses instead short skirts. References Alkailani, M., Azzam, I. and Athamneh, A., (2012), Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture, IBR, 5(4). Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K., (2011), Global Strategic Management, (2nd), New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Hofstede, G., (2011), Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1) Kotler, P., Keller, K., Brady, M., Goodman, M., Hansen, T. (2012), Marketing Management, (2nd), Essex: Pearson Education Ltd Oneill, D., (2014), Playing Risk: Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 36(2), 173-205 Tang, L., (2012), The direction of cultural distance on FDI: attractiveness or incongruity?. Cross Cultural Management, 19(2), pp.233-256 The Heritage Foundation, (2017), Cambodia, accessed on 25th December 2017 from https://www.heritage.org/index/country/cambodia The World Bank Group, (2017), The World Bank In Cambodia, accessed on 25th December 2017 from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cambodia/overview Tilley, E. N., Fredricks, S. M. Hornett, A., (2012), Kinship, culture and ethics in organizations: Journal of Communication Management, 16(2), pp. 162 184 Vidal-Suarez, M. and Lopez-Duarte, C., (2013), Language distance and international acquisitions: A transaction cost approach: International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.47-63. Webley, S. Werner, A., (2008), Corporate codes of ethics: necessary but not sufficient: Business Ethics, 17 (4), Pp. 405-415